Went and, in vain, by accident

Three words that go in front of the verb and colour how something came about — understand them by ear here. ดัน says it happened when it should not have and the speaker is annoyed ("he went and told her"), or with no subject blames the circumstances ("of all days, it rained"); อุตส่าห์ means "went to all that trouble", and what comes next is the disappointment; เผลอ means you did it without meaning to.

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1 บอกtold…
เขาดันไปบอกเธอ
khǎo dan bpai bàwk thuhr
He went and told her.
เขา/ khǎo=he/she/theyดัน/ dan=(go and)ไป/ bpai=goบอก/ bàwk=tellเธอ/ thuhr=her
ดัน before a verb means the action happened against expectation, and the speaker is not pleased about it. Nearest English is 'went and…' — 'he went and told her'.
2 ตั๋วtickets…
ดันลืมตั๋วไป
dan luuem dtǔa bpai
I went and forgot the tickets.
ดัน/ dan=(go and)ลืม/ luuem=forgetตั๋ว/ dtǔa=ticketไป/ bpai=(and gone)
No subject, but this is not the circumstances being blamed: Thai drops the 'I' when it is obvious, so the speaker is blaming themself. ไป at the end says the tickets are left behind.
3 ฝนตกrained…
ดันฝนตกวันนั้นพอดีค่ะ
dan fǒn dtòk wan nán phaw-dii khâ
Of all things, it rained on that exact day.
ดัน/ dan=(go and)ฝน/ fǒn=rainตก/ dtòk=fallวัน/ wan=dayนั้น/ nán=thatพอดี/ phaw-dii=exactlyค่ะ/ khâ=polite(f)
With no subject at all, ดัน blames circumstance instead of a person: 'of all days, it rained'.
4 เขาhim…
ดันเป็นเขาซะงั้น
dan bpen khǎo sá-ngán
Of all people, it had to be him.
ดัน/ dan=(go and)เป็น/ bpen=beเขา/ khǎo=him/her/themซะงั้น/ sá-ngán=just like that
ซะงั้น at the end adds 'just like that, of all things': it had to be him, of all people.
5 ร้านปิดclosed…
อุตส่าห์มาแล้วร้านปิด
ùt-sàa maa láaeo ráan bpìt
I went to the trouble of coming all this way, and the shop was closed.
อุตส่าห์/ ùt-sàa=bother toมา/ maa=comeแล้ว/ láaeo=alreadyร้าน/ ráan=shopปิด/ bpìt=close
อุตส่าห์ = 'went to all that trouble' — and it nearly always sets up a disappointment. The effort was made and then wasted, which is the whole point of the word.
6 ทำอาหารcooking…
อุตส่าห์ทำอาหารมาแล้ว ไม่มีใครกินค่ะ
ùt-sàa tham aa-hǎan maa láaeo mâi mii khrai gin khâ
I went to the trouble of cooking all this food, and nobody ate it.
อุตส่าห์/ ùt-sàa=bother toทำ/ tham=makeอาหาร/ aa-hǎan=foodมา/ maa=(has happened)แล้ว/ láaeo=alreadyไม่/ mâi=notมี/ mii=there's ("have")ใคร/ khrai=anyoneกิน/ gin=eatค่ะ/ khâ=polite(f)
7 หล่นdropped…
เขาเผลอทำโทรศัพท์หล่น
khǎo phlǔhr tham thoo-rá-sàp lòn
He accidentally dropped his phone.
เขา/ khǎo=he/she/theyเผลอ/ phlǔhr=by accidentทำ/ tham=makeโทรศัพท์/ thoo-rá-sàp=phoneหล่น/ lòn=fall
เผลอ in front of a verb = did it without meaning to. One Thai word carries what English needs a whole adverb for, and like ดัน and อุตส่าห์ it says something about HOW the thing came about, not what was done.
8 พูดผิดsaid the wrong thing…
ฉันเผลอพูดผิดไป
chǎn phlǔhr phûut phìt bpai
I accidentally said the wrong thing.
ฉัน/ chǎn=Iเผลอ/ phlǔhr=by accidentพูด/ phûut=sayผิด/ phìt=wrongไป/ bpai=(and gone)
เผลอ … ไป: the ไป at the end says it is out and can't be taken back.