Thai vowels attach to a consonant — above, below, before, after, or wrapped right around it. The ◌ in each symbol shows where the consonant sits. Where a second form has an extra ◌ after it, that marks a following final consonant. Note that some vowels are written BEFORE the consonant but spoken after it: เ◌, แ◌, โ◌. These 9 are the long vowels — held noticeably longer, roughly twice the length of their short partners. Length matters: it changes meaning, and (as you'll see in the tone rules) it can change the tone.
Vowel names all start with sara (สระ — “vowel”). Tap a card to hear the name, or the pill to hear a real word that uses it. Where a card shows more than one form, separated by slashes, the extra forms are how that vowel is written when a final consonant follows — the sound is exactly the same.